Sunday, March 30, 2008

#67: US! Taiwan! Commonwealth? CMoore. 近代台灣慘史檔案 盧主義與3F.. 廖述炘烈士. R Paul. 228 ROC Massacre > PLEBISCITE. Bogus Terror War? 08.3.30=7 - 5.22=4 7pm.

'World Renowned Philosopher Slavoj Zizek on the Iraq War, the Bush Presidency, the War on Terror & More' May12,08 http://tinyurl.com/5qy9q5
'Mr. Zbig: Brzezinski brings wisdom—and controversy—to Barack Obama’s campaign' The American Conservative May5,08 http://tinyurl.com/5zrcgq
'Can Barack Obama Become the Jackie Robinson...' May16,08 http://tinyurl.com/42yqw7

'Edwards Launches 10-Year Effort to Halve Poverty' May22,08 http://tinyurl.com/4ez8qz
: ".. it is a question of restoring the fundamental fairness that this country was founded upon.”
: The campaign, billed as “Half in Ten,” aims to reduce poverty by half nationwide over the next 10 years.

'The Enemy Is Always the State' May20,08 http://tinyurl.com/55p8uf
: "The Rise and Decline of the State" Aug28,1999 http://tinyurl.com/5rdqhw
: : 'the birth of the bureaucratic state, its rising place in the management of society, its catastrophic results in the 20th century, and its systematic decline in the 21st century.'
: : amazon.com: http://tinyurl.com/3vrp3v

History/Civilizing? 'Programming the 21st Century' May16,08 http://tinyurl.com/6hjgvf
But 'Billions of electronic-eating 'crazy rasberry ants' invade Texas' May16,08 http://tinyurl.com/4kyyew & UK Labour Empire May15,08 http://tinyurl.com/6dohue
And 'An Epidemic of Extinctions: Decimation of Life on Earth' May16,08 http://tinyurl.com/5t5uq9
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'The Long Night' from America May10,08 http://tinyurl.com/54vj67
: The USA defeated the Nazi Germany to realize USA's whole world enslavement.

'War and the Morality of Americans' May1,08 http://tinyurl.com/5hjpfn
'Terrorism and American Foreign Policy' Robert Elias (Politics Prof. U of San Francisco) Sept25,01 http://tinyurl.com/5okcbx
': Children in US Custody..Without Due Process' May21,08 http://tinyurl.com/686o57
' For His Treatment of Children in the ‘War on Terror,’ Bush Is a War Criminal ' May22,08 http://tinyurl.com/4fy5gf

After landmine, 'America AWOL on Cluster Bombs' May21,08 http://tinyurl.com/5mjq6a
: Also "China, Russia, Israel, Egypt, Pakistan, India" stockpile, "only Russia and Israel have used them". So, only America, Israel, & Russia savages?
US Pressures 'Britain Obstructs Global Ban On Use of Cluster Bombs' May19,08 http://tinyurl.com/4p8yjf

'The Prime Directive: U.S.war plans targeting Iran are all about "protecting" Israel' May12,08 http://tinyurl.com/5dhvpd
: "Why are our leaders ignoring the evaluation of our own National Intelligence Estimate on the question of Iran's nuclear program"

'The Nightmare Made Real: Torture, Murder and Endless Horror Institutionalized and Normalized -- by Democrats' May3,08 http://tinyurl.com/6dqgqp
'Domestic Spying Far Outpaces Terrorism Prosecutions' "has continued to decline, in some cases precipitously." May12,08 http://tinyurl.com/6syvoe
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' New home for Greece's holy grail' Humanism Home May7,08 http://tinyurl.com/5fxvmv
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'Bernanke's Nightmare Chart' May7,08 http://www.lewrockwell.com/north/north624.html
: --------------------------
: The Chart 'Factors Adding to Reserves and Off Balance Sheet Securities Lending Program' http://www.cumber.com/home/Factors.pdf or http://tinyurl.com/697td8

: The Chart 'Adjusted Monetary Base (May 1, 2008)' May5,08
:-- http://www.garynorth.com/public/3476.cfm or http://tinyurl.com/4z5fwu

: 'Monitor These Charts Weekly if You Want to Get an Early Warning of Problems Ahead'
:-- http://www.garynorth.com/public/department29.cfm or http://tinyurl.com/3sro9d
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: 'Federal Reserve System and its effects on the economy' http://snipurl.com/fedvideo
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'Thousands Killed by US’s Korean Ally' May19,08 http://tinyurl.com/5zaqhs

'The True Legal Status of Taiwan' Taiwan Nation May20,08 http://tinyurl.com/5lca26
'Start Receiving PR-inside.com News Headlines..' May20,08 http://tinyurl.com/6ojwep
"Formosa Betrayed" Nay10,08 copied http://tinyurl.com/bbw4w
228 Payment ONLY '政院:八年執政 核定228受難賠償金10億' May7,08 http://tinyurl.com/3ohx4o
'White Paper 2001 Regarding Taiwan and its Future' Feb24,04 http://tinyurl.com/3ty9ge
: or http://www.taiwandc.org/white-pa.htm
'洛杉磯藏匿經濟犯 二二八慘死的顯靈' May12,08 http://tinyurl.com/47p6s2
'馬上全民監督(1):總統就職演說全文 VS 矮化' [轉載自:RTI] May20,08 http://tinyurl.com/3tcb9o
'蔡英文:馬演說 未談台灣主權獨立' May21,08 http://tinyurl.com/3epjcf
'數位台灣家族@msn: 真理來自抗爭' May15,08 http://tinyurl.com/4k3eq5
: '《蕭泰然 作品精選集》音樂 CD' Apr29,08 http://tinyurl.com/4ohq7q
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'Cumnatione: We midwife new nations' May10,08 http://cumnatione.com/
'United Micronations Multi-Oceanic Archipelago (UMMOA)'
'Micronation legally invades U.S. and annexes 11 islands/atolls'
: May6,08 http://tinyurl.com/62mxe4 >>>
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'Most Rev Dr Cesidio Tallini' Jan. 2008: http://hmct.dk/
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'Peter Thiel Makes Down Payment on Libertarian Ocean Colonies' May19,08 http://tinyurl.com/3g2ccr
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"...TCP/IP, Second Edition", Jul 2003: http://tinyurl.com/6og2ww
'Live Webcast: Assuring Voice Quality on IP Telephony Rollouts' Wednesday, May 14, 2008 2:00 P.M. ET | 11:00 A.M. PT | 18:00 GMT http://tinyurl.com/6398uo
'5 TIPS FOR THE PERFECT DOMAIN NAME' Copied May5,08 http://tinyurl.com/5h7kvx
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'CAROLMOORE.NET' http://carolmoore.net/
: "CONSCIOUSNESS AND COMMUNITY" Synopsis of Carol's book in progress,
: "SECESSION.NET: ..break up violent nation states through nonviolent secession"
: "LIBERTARIAN PARTY needs a secession strategy"
: "Video of Baby Boomer Turning 60": May 5th is Cinco de Mayo in Mexico, Japanese Children's Day, Europe Day and the birth day of Karl Marx and a lot of minor and not very memorable figures - including me. .." http://tinyurl.com/66f4qn
: "Carol Moore Videos" May5,08 http://youtube.com/carolmoore
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Direct Democracies << The Theory of Repeated Games: http://tinyurl.com/5uwmqd :
'Evolution, Cooperation, and Repeated Games: (based on work with D. Fudenberg)' E. Maskin (Institute for Advanced Study)

'Why Limited Representative Government Fails' Apr17,08 http://tinyurl.com/4cwfmb
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US 'Slavery and Involuntary Servitude' May3,08 http://tinyurl.com/5b4pob
US habeas corpus in Congress May3,08 http://tinyurl.com/578l52
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'A Primer on Plan Mexico: The Bush Administration Has Put Its Proposal to Militarize Mexico into the Upcoming Iraq Supplemental Bill' Americas Program Special Report: Laura Carlsen May5,08; Americas Program, Center for International Policy (CIP) http://tinyurl.com/5b5njh
: "On Oct. 22, 2007 President Bush announced the $1.4 billion dollar "Merida Initiative," security aid package to Mexico and Central America. The initiative has fatal flaws in its strategy; instead of leading to a stable binational relationship and peaceful border communities, its military approach will escalate drug-related violence and human rights abuses."

'Resources on Plan Mexico (Merida Initiative)' Americas Program Resources: Americas Policy Program Apr1,08; Americas Program, ...(CIP) http://tinyurl.com/45s3jl
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Ewen Campbell & CIA > mind-control technique May3,08 http://tinyurl.com/4mkvcn
: 'Orwell Today' Jun21,05 http://tinyurl.com/5w6zc7
'iHeroWhy: Iron Man is like Steve Jobs' May3, 08 http://tinyurl.com/5jpxbkn

'Monsanto’s Harvest of Fear' May6,08 http://tinyurl.com/49jvls
: "food chain with its genetically modified seeds. Now it has targeted milk production. Just as frightening as the corporation’s tactics—ruthless legal battles against small farmers—is its decades-long history of toxic contamination."
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'Liberty and Populism: Building an Effective Resistance Movement for North America'
Bay Area National Anarchist Apr30,08 http://tinyurl.com/5ubqua
'Native Hawaiians blockade historic palace' May1,08 http://tinyurl.com/5pwrsr
Rich Euro-Bolivian 4+2?/9 Provinces Autonomy Vote > Indigenization
: May4,08 http://tinyurl.com/5q2c3x

"Celtic" Lombardy and Veneto for Independence May29,01 http://tinyurl.com/6j7jm7
: 'Will Scotland-by-the-Med march on Rome?' May3,08 http://tinyurl.com/6xvek9
: "Nationalism in Italian Politics: The Stories of the Northern League, 1980-2000"
Damian Tambini May3,08 http://tinyurl.com/4x53jh
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Jesus, an authentic libertarian, Apr25,08 http://tinyurl.com/5dy3qw
'The Rev. Wright' May3,08 > Obama http://tinyurl.com/55fjr9
'The Crucifixion of Jeremiah Wright' May8,08 http://tinyurl.com/3khjlo
Obama Organizing Fellows: http://my.barackobama.com/page/s/fellowsapp
: or http://tinyurl.com/2mzctc Copied May5,08.
"The Revolution: A Manifesto" Ron Paul Apr30,08 http://tinyurl.com/26zcgl
: 'What Ron Paul’s Book Accomplishes' Apr30,08 http://tinyurl.com/45jvvm
: 'Manifesto Destiny' May1,08 http://tinyurl.com/5wcnu2
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'A New Look at How World War II Happened' May1Thomas J. DiLorenzo, May1,08
: http://tinyurl.com/5m28ya
: professor of economics at Loyola College in Maryland and the author of
"The Real Lincoln: A New Look at Abraham Lincoln, His Agenda, and an Unnecessary War", (Three Rivers Press/Random House). His latest book is
"Lincoln Unmasked: What You’re Not Supposed To Know about Dishonest Abe"
: Nicholson Baker’s new book "Human Smoke: The Beginnings of World War II, the End of Civilization"

'Warring as Lying Throughout American History' May8,08 http://tinyurl.com/5k7z4z
"The Complex: How the Military Invades Our Everyday Lives" Mar18,08
http://tinyurl.com/6rcyw2 http://tinyurl.com/6xptd7
'U.S. nuclear weapons policy: The Cart before the Horse:..'
: Union of Concerned Scientists May6,08 http://tinyurl.com/3srfep

'The Truth About Veteran Suicides' May6,08 http://tinyurl.com/5lv9we
: "in just those 45 states, there were at least 6,256 suicides among those who served in the armed forces. That's 120 each and every week, in just one year."
: "aged 20 through 24, those who have served during the war on terror. They had the highest suicide rate among all veterans, estimated between two and four times higher than civilians the same age."

Nick Turse 'Torturing Iron Man' Pentagon-Hollywood May21,08 http://tinyurl.com/3nh9gk
'Iron Man and the Merchants of Death' May7,08 http://tinyurl.com/4wf8dx
: "a bestseller book in 1934 with the title Merchants of Death. (Here is the PDF and here it is in hard copy.)"
: "the nature of the warfare state: namely, that they only way to restrain it was to keep centralized power of all sorts at bay."
'It's hell being a superhero' Nov5,08 http://tinyurl.com/5vpvby

'‘You Become Accustomed to the Smell of Blood During War’: John Hoyland’s artwork..' Apr.25,08 http://tinyurl.com/6s6v27
'The Tragedy of Ignorance' of Islamophobia Apr15,08 http://tinyurl.com/65rwcu
US 'Prison Nation' political criminaization industry Apr25,08
http://tinyurl.com/6rrn6n
'Rethinking Churchill' < "The Costs of War" http://tinyurl.com/4vhxvt
< "The Costs of War" http://tinyurl.com/6kkjwf
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'79 Religious Org..New Nuclear Bomb Plant' Apr30,08 http://tinyurl.com/6pk4yo
'IAEA Slams US On Syria Bombing;..' Apr25,08 http://tinyurl.com/3n5ujw

'Massacre in March1947 Taiwan' 郭勝華 Margaret Lu, M.D,MPH Feb18,08 http://tinyurl.com/38g4oh

'Taiwan -- The Raising of the Flag' Mar16&26,08 http://tinyurl.com/6jsbc4
'Flags of Taiwan', Feb24,04: http://www.taiwandc.org/flags.htm
USA National Archives & Records Administration Documents: Taiwan status
http://tinyurl.com/3tzvq5

And 'Up the Yangtze: Documentary..of Three Gorges Dam..' Apr24,08
http://tinyurl.com/4gdcx3
And 'History Will Not Absolve Us' Apr25,08 http://tinyurl.com/6safxl
: "According to an explosive ABC News report on April 9, dozens of top-secret meetings took place in the White House, beginning in 2002, in which the president’s top advisors approved the use of torture. Those involved were members of the National Security Council’s “Principals Committee” — Dick Cheney, Condoleezza Rice, Donald Rumsfeld, Colin Powell, George Tenet, and John Ashcroft." ... ...

'All the President’s Liars: Fun new game! Which TV news ‘military expert’ is really a whore for the Bush administration? (Hint: all of them)' Apr25,08
http://tinyurl.com/4tmxvq
'Free Press Calls for..Into Pentagon Pundits' Apr21,08 http://tinyurl.com/59fkql
'The Pentagon’s Corrupt Sock Puppet..' Apr21,08 http://tinyurl.com/49wd33
"Standing Up to the Madness: Ordinary Heroes in Extraordinary Times",
by Amy Goodman, host of Democracy Now!, and David Goodman : ISBN: 1401322883 : http://tour.democracynow.org/
'Party Like It’s 1932: The Obama Option' populist surge Apr21,08
http://tinyurl.com/43arh3
'Obama Is Riht' about Bitter People Apr14,08 http://tinyurl.com/3lfuz9
Diego Garcia? In 1973 Apr14,08 http://tinyurl.com/5toter
'Leading To War' Iraq Apr14,08 http://tinyurl.com/6c7gcb
MjGn Benjamin F Butler/A Lincoln:-Black Emigration Wntr08 http://tinyurl.com/5ebaae
Judge Andrew Napolitano’s "A Nation of Sheep" Apr9,08 http://tinyurl.com/3w4p2u
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'陳水扁是台灣的罪人(上)---自由漫談' Apr22,08 http://tinyurl.com/4x3unk
'司法追殺謝長廷 清算抹黑不手軟' Apr17,08 http://tinyurl.com/48audf
'台灣演義 彭明敏戲劇性人生'video Apr27,08 http://tinyurl.com/3n3mhc
'台灣的未來在哪裡?在那裡!' 謝志偉 Apr12,08 http://tinyurl.com/3mj6q4 :-------
"近代台灣慘史檔案", 邱國禎 Jun1,07 ISBN:9789578015364
#1/2:----- http://tinyurl.com/2yyvzc
: '以將近一年的時間蒐集資料,完成二百八十餘個代表性案例的記述,串起台灣從日治時期至蔣家王朝專制獨裁統治期間的慘痛史具象。'
: '作者在1998年將這些個案逐日發表在民眾日報上,獲得非常廣泛的迴響,九年後在千催萬喚下才結集出版,實感於外來政權復辟勢力囂張,往昔是湮滅台灣悲痛歷史,近年則竭盡所能變本加厲地竄改史實,持續其洗腦台灣住民的黨國卑劣伎倆,台灣住民不容他們奸計得逞。'
: '邱國禎: 資深媒體人(筆名:馬非白)。
 從事新聞工作之前開設心影出版社,進入新聞界後,歷任民眾日報記者、專欄記者、新聞研究員、巡迴特派員、資訊組主任、採訪組主任、民眾電子報召集人、民眾日報社史館館長、編輯部總分稿、核稿、言論部主筆,以及短暫在民眾日報留職停薪去環球日報、中國晨晚報擔任副總編輯及主筆。民眾日報在1999年10月易手給「全球統一集團」,人事異動前即主動離去。
 自2000年起專職經營南方快報(www.southnews.com.tw)。
 編著:《高雄市黨外風雲》(1984)、《馬可仕的獨裁愛死症》(1986,敦理出版社)、《李應元的挑戰》(1990,與陳銘城合編,前衛出版社)、《搶救台灣》(1990,前衛出版社)。'
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'國民黨暴政百科全書' 辛在台 Aug23,07:--- http://tinyurl.com/2yu7be
: '涵蓋若干日治晚期故事,主要皆為國民黨時期慘史,真可謂小型國民黨暴政百科全書。國民黨在台灣施行暴政,以百姓為芻狗,其來有自。「國民黨撤退台灣後的十餘年間,可以說是國府權力中心最不穩定,而且高層鬥爭最慘烈的年代」。宮廷內鬥之外,「蔣政權為了在台灣遂行獨裁,除政治上的專制恐怖手段,還壟斷經濟資源的支配權和宰制人民的文化生活」。
以往,控訴國民黨暴政者,大多出之以個案,或道德性批判。《近代台灣慘史檔案》則展示,一個接一個怵目驚心的血案,所構成的暴政全覽圖。書中所述受害者,既有宮廷高層,也有鄉野小民,既有本省同胞,也有外省人士;易言之,地不分東西南北,人不分男女老幼,皆在天羅地網之中,逃不過獨裁者及其鷹犬之噬血爪牙。'
: '此力著亦凸顯,所謂轉型正義之追求,焦點集中於黨產,推倒獨裁者銅像,至於眾多幫兇,則為漏網之魚,安享餘年。反觀受害者,家破人亡,妻離子散,其家屬後代至今未能恢復正常生活者,大有人在。如果幫兇逍遙法外,受害者無人扶持,即便沒收不義黨產,推倒獨裁者銅像,又何能誇說是轉型正義之實現?'
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'盧先生的英文造詣很深, 他在 Taipei Time 的筆名是李天福', Allen Kuo introducing John J. Tkacik, Jr. (譚慎格) & 美國臺獨運動的創始人之一盧主義 (Jay Loo):-------> after Margaret Lu, M.D.'s letter to Dr. Rice, US Secretary of State, on Chiang KMT's ROC 228 Massacre of the Taiwanese >

'弔為台灣人言論自由犧牲的廖述炘烈士' 美台週刊43 Apr6,08 http://tinyurl.com/5oaqxv
'【警鐘】一張嘴救不了台灣、選舉不可能建國' 美台週刊42 Mar30,08 http://tinyurl.com/5o988a
: 日本之聲 編集長 林建良
'錯誤主權論述將害死台灣'? 美台週刊41 Mar23,08 http://tinyurl.com/6xsp7u

'ROC是虛假的國家 並論台灣人民國籍' & chorus Apt6,08 http://tinyurl.com/3zyykl
John J. Tkacik, Jr. on 'Taiwan's Elections' Mar24,08 http://tinyurl.com/3dgemb
'美國會研究處提新報告觀察馬英九' Apr17,08 http://tinyurl.com/58m8vm
《我是台灣人不是中國人》連署運動 Apr17,08input http://tinyurl.com/4tpo77
Korea: '【韓國留學心語】作為中國人的尷尬(1)' 淨源 Apr21,08

美台週刊49 May18,08 http://tinyurl.com/66wc3d :--
'台灣地位之謎(二) 如何詮釋renounce(放棄)的真義' 林志昇‧何瑞元, 台灣平民政府召集人 May2,08
'『中華民國』流亡政府代表人為何訪美困難重重? ' 蝶衣 May8,08

美台週刊48 May11,08 http://tinyurl.com/4ayjlh :--
'林志昇團隊上訴巡迴法院全文' 林志昇 建國黨、台灣平民民主黨:政治組 May10,08
'台灣地位之謎(一)如何詮釋The Principal occupying power?' 林志昇˙何瑞元 台灣平民政府召集人
May1,08
'《台灣國際地位隸屬美國軍事政府佔領》' By 蝶衣 May7,08

美台週刊47 May4,08 http://tinyurl.com/3h386b :--
'回應「流亡政府」心態' 林志昇 Apr24,08
'給彭明敏教授的一封信'Japanese 陳辰光
'台灣人權問題' 林志昇 台灣平民政府召集人
'美國政府與台灣平民政府的互動' 蝶衣 Apr29,08
'美軍在琉球群島(Okinawa)的軍事演練' 美國海軍網站 http://tinyurl.com/rpr6h
'台灣割讓區美國國民護照: Passport of Taiwan Cession U.S.A.'
'新書介紹: "台灣最終地位" 林志昇、何瑞元 合著'
'美國台灣割讓區台灣平民政府籌備中心秘書處 誠徵志工' 蝶衣 Feb3,08

'台灣永遠是台灣人的台灣' 林志昇 Feb25,08 美台週刊46 Apr27,08 http://tinyurl.com/5y2l4f
'中華民國佔領台灣澎湖的非法性' 林志昇,何瑞元 Apr13,08 美台週刊46 Apr27,08 As above.

美台週刊45 Apr20,08 http://tinyurl.com/4nya2o :------
'書名: "台灣最終地位" ( 林志昇、何瑞元 合著)'
'再探【林志昇控美案】法官思維: 要求美國法院認定核發台灣人旅行證件(護照)是國務院應承擔的權責' Apr14,08
'台灣共和國( Republic of Taiwan )'
"" 國名詮釋:亞洲之星, 綠意映然之國
國旗詮釋:紅日之國,尊貴黃土,溫文雅儒,亞洲之星。旗幟成長方形,長與寬之比是三比二,台灣共和國旗面是白色,象徵純樸憨厚,正中間是紅紅的太陽,象徵熱忱與誠實,黃色土地的孕養,代表的是尊貴與堅忍。
亞洲最後的明日之星 - 台灣共和國就此誕生。 ""

'UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS: Court Documents' on Lin vs. USA, up to Apr7,08
http://tinyurl.com/66g7zr
'【林志昇控美案】的最新發展 ', 控訴美國政府的代表者:林志昇, 「建國黨」、「台灣平民民主黨」政治組
2008/04/10 : At the end of #67.
& '命運坎坷的台灣 身世之謎' 美台週刊44 Apr13,08 http://tinyurl.com/5rvdf5

'Taiwan Touches Your Heart' Tourism video Sept30,06 http://tinyurl.com/2zmslq
Taiwan Music: 二胡鋼琴演奏: http://www.taiwanus.net/bgmusic/2fp/
'維新館的一個令人感動的小故事' Taiwan song, Mar30,08: http://tinyurl.com/4q6ktb

The Making Of The Beatles’ ‘LOVE’ by Cirque du Soleil Jun24,08
http://thebeatles.com/core/news/
'..Four Leaders of 1968 Student Uprising..' Apr25,08 http://tinyurl.com/6cd52a
'In Love and Hope for a Peaceful World' by Cindy Sheehan Apr21,08 < Peace Mom
http://tinyurl.com/3gwg5o
-------------------------------------
'Ursula K. Le Guin celebrates early Rome' May1,08 http://tinyurl.com/67vbm3
'Aime Cesaire, 1913-2008: Remembering the Life and Legacy of the Black Pride Poet and Anti-Colonial Activist' Apr21,08 http://tinyurl.com/54lybm
'Beliefs and Bad Behavior' Apr14,08 http://tinyurl.com/6rl9je
'The Audacity of Pope: ...for peace...?' Apr7,08 http://tinyurl.com/4cnjx6'

New Aussie PM Kevin Rudd's Chinese, World Beat Apr21,08 http://tinyurl.com/4wlnzu
' Climate Change ‘May Put World at War’ ' Apr23,08 http://tinyurl.com/534ys7
'..Climate Change..UN [Permanent] Forum on Indigenous Issues' Apr24,08
http://tinyurl.com/3slbtk
'The End...and...New Energy World Order' Apr15,08 http://tinyurl.com/424u3l

'The World Food Crisis' John Nichols** Apr25,08 http://tinyurl.com/6735tu
: ** "a co-founder of Free Press and the co-author with Robert W. McChesney of TRAGEDY & FARCE: How the American Media Sell Wars, Spin Elections, and Destroy Democracy — The New Press."
'The US Role in Haiti’s Food Riots' Apr24,08 http://tinyurl.com/5hbjtv
'Change In Farming Can Feed World - Report' Apr16,08 http://tinyurl.com/6545rh
'Exposed: The Great GM Crops Myth' Apr20,08 http://tinyurl.com/56cy35

'The Great Migration Crisis' of birds Afr-Eu Apr21,08 http://tinyurl.com/4uoq48
What US have done 'Earth Day: * War * Toxics' Apr21,08 http://tinyurl.com/3fynh5
'CIA Acknowledges .. Secret Detention .., Rendition, and Torture' Apr28,08
http://tinyurl.com/47zmk9
'What are Chinese troops doing on Zimbabwe's streets?' Apr17,08 Or Korean? http://tinyurl.com/4tzcan

'T. Rex Closer to Gizzards Than Lizards' Apr25,08 T. http://tinyurl.com/3osgct
'Tough Early Human Loved Fruit' May10,08 http://tinyurl.com/4rthgb
: "Paranthropus boisei...from about 2.3 million years ago to 1.2 million years ago... The micro-images revealed light, wispy scratches etched into P. boisei's teeth that looked more similar to the marks on the teeth of modern-day fruit eaters... chemical evidence that a related species, Paranthropus robustus, foraged on a generalist diet. ..."

'Black holes may lurk in unexpected places' May15,08 http://tinyurl.com/4upguv
'Neanderthals speak out after 30,000 years' Apr15,08 http://tinyurl.com/6lq3y7
: Neanderthals "E" voice: http://tinyurl.com/6f4gh6
'Neanderthals at Mealtime: Pass the Meat' Apr23,08 http://tinyurl.com/4xqxf3
'Neanderthals were separate species, new study finds' May5,08
: http://tinyurl.com/6o3gzd
'Vivaldi's long-lost opera returns...' May4,08 http://tinyurl.com/4qstts
-------------------------------------
Parliamentary [Westminster/Consensus] / Presidentialism http://tinyurl.com/4d4kg7
'Criteria for membership in the Commonwealth of Nations' http://tinyurl.com/6n36su
'Taiwan enters Commonwealth Nations Research Society' Apr22,08 http://tinyurl.com/5rq9ol
=====================================
'Democracy's Dharma: Religious Renaissance and Political Development in Taiwan' Apr21,08 http://tinyurl.com/4vcvd5

' One on One: 'Israel is not a sovereign nation' ' Shabbat Times Apr4,08 http://tinyurl.com/59l68f
=====================================
'Company 'gives away' Southwest to Mexico: Vodka ad shows 'Absolut world' in which California, Arizona, others secede' Apr3,08 http://tinyurl.com/4hyt94
: From WorldNetDaily: fiercely independent leading Internet newssite: http://tinyurl.com/66t2un
-------------------------------------

Starting from 'India: Disappearing the Poor' Apr9,08 http://tinyurl.com/6fxbgg
'Protesters Drawn To Olympic Flame In San Francisco'Apr9,08 http://tinyurl.com/48rk32
' Teleportation & forcefields possible within decades...Prof Michio Kaku ' Apr2,08 http://tinyurl.com/ys5ysx
'...Circuit...Access to All Systems on Wireless Carrier...' Apr10,08 http://tinyurl.com/6bwk5m
'Cyber War: Preparing Combat Forces for the Electromagnetic Spectrum' Apr9,08 http://tinyurl.com/4kkb27
=====================================
=====================================
' "台灣"絕響?馬選後全"正名" ' Apr5,08 http://tinyurl.com/6n33dg
[Tsai 08.4.5=6 #1] I agree whole-heartedly about our enemy media which control Taiwan voice.

But, although it's really too late and it looks like sour grape last shameless struggle, I would like very much for the so-called "Republic of China" "legal organs" of our enemy, to "formally" initiate "legal procedures" against the bloody and murderous and lying ghost evil and criminal gang, the so-called Chiang "KMT" and "ROC" itself and its responsible "gang heads" for their crimes and sins against humanity, on 228 massacre and decades of white terrorism crimes and sins.

And, if you are willing, against the DPP for keeping the Chiang "KMT" and "ROC" alive, and leading the Taiwanese to be totally confused to think that we are in reality dealing with Taiwan government, only in the name of the "ROC" just for the time being, for almost 8 years, during its "administration" in power. As Lee Ao said plainly so many years ago, you are for Taiwan independence, and now you are in power and in charge, do it! I really don't think you the DPP and "ROC government" of the DPP were totally powerless. Do you remember how our old statesman Lee Tenghui almost immediately after he became the "ROC President", declared the end of the Chinese civil war of the Communist and the Nationalist, as far as the "ROC government" he was in charge, is concerned? He transferred his "ROC" organs to the DPP after so many years of enduring humiliation, lies, murders, and pretentions of a pure evil ghost, not recognized by almost the whole world, including China. That evil and shameless ghost of Chiang "KMT-ROC" to be kept alive for almost 8 years by Taiwan and the Taiwanese, just because we trusted the DPP!

=====================================
=====================================

Taiwan's membership in the Commonwealth of Nations?


"" Concerning 'Westminster democracy', I can say it is related to the Commonwealth, but not about the Commonwealth per se. Remember that the Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of 53 independent sovereign states, and it is values they share in common, such respect for the rule of law, democracy and human rights, more than anything else. There is no such thing as a 'Commonwealth government', so the 'Westminster Model' is only relevant to individual governments, not to the Commonwealth as a whole.

There are broadly two forms of parliamentary democracies:

1. The Westminster System or Model (or Majoritarian Model), which tends to be found in Commonwealth of Nations countries, although it is not universal within, nor exclusive to, Commonwealth countries;
2. The Western European Parliamentary Model (or Consensus Model).

Westminster Model parliaments tend to have a more adversarial style of debate, and the plenary session of parliament is relatively more important than committees. Even when proportional representation systems are used in the Westminster Model, the systems used tend to allow the voter to vote for a named candidate rather than a party list. This model does allow for a greater separation of powers than the Western European Model, although the extent of the separation of powers is nowhere near that of the presidential system of United States. In summary, the Westminster Model is a 'majority of the people' and a 'winner-take-all' model. It has a single-party majority cabinet, and a party system based on a dominant executive.

Western European Model parliaments tend to have a more consensual debating system, and have semi-cyclical debating chambers. Proportional representation systems are used, where there is more of a tendency to use party list systems than in Westminster Model legislatures. The committees of these parliaments tend to be more important than the plenary chamber. In this model, the executive and legislature are fused. There is no separation of powers. This model is sometimes called the West German Model. In summary, the Western European Model is an 'as many people as possible' and a 'power checking and sharing' model. It has executive power-sharing in multiparty coalitions, and a party system based on a multiparty system.

In a discussion of the Westminster Model it should be noted that the UK political system has long exemplified 'Majoritarian' or 'Westminster' government, a type subsequently exported to many Commonwealth countries. The primary advantage of this system, according to its proponents, lies in its ability to combine accountability with effective governance. Yet under the Blair administration (1997-2007), this system has undergone a series of major constitutional reforms, perhaps producing the twilight of the pure Westminster model.

You also ask this question: "[W]hat is the fundamental meaning and ramification and significance of the head of the state, for the UK and other Commonwealth member nations subjects, and for the citizens of certain (or even all?) Commonwealth member nations, with or without their own monarchs in effect?" Let me try to answer that question is the most enlightening way I can.

The criteria for membership in the Commonwealth of Nations is constantly changing. Since 1949, when the British Commonwealth was replaced by the Commonwealth of Nations with the adoption of the London Declaration, members are no longer required to have the British Monarch as a sovereign, but could have their own head of state. They only required to recognise the British Monarch as 'Head of the Commonwealth'. Outside of the Commonwealth, in other words, individual member states retain all sovereignty, and the British Monarch is only the Head of the Commonwealth, unless the country happens to be a 'Commonwealth Realm', that is, any one of 16 sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations with Queen Elizabeth II as their respective monarch (countries like Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the UK).

Membership criteria was further refined in 1991 with the Harare Declaration which required members to abide by the principles of democracy and respect for human rights. These can be enforced upon current members, who may be suspended or expelled for failure to abide by them. So you see, this is what Commonwealth nations share in common, not the 'Westminster Model' of democracy, which isn't even the pure model that it used to be before the Blair administration (1997-2007).

Membership criteria was further refined by the Edinburgh Declaration of 1997, which states that Commonwealth members must:

1. Accept and comply with the Harare principles (Harare Declaration);
2. Be fully sovereign states;
3. Recognise the monarch of the Commonwealth Realms as the Head of the Commonwealth;
4. Accept the English language as the means of Commonwealth communication;
5. Respect the wishes of the general population in relation to Commonwealth membership.

Members of the Commonwealth can be republics, such as India and Pakistan (most Commonwealth members are in fact republics), and can even be monarchies with their own monarch, such as in the cases of Brunei and Malaysia.

In 1995 Mozambique become the Commonwealth's first non former British Empire member, being a former Portuguese colony, yet interacting with Commonwealth members. New members of the Commonwealth are not required to have been former British colonies. In 2007, it was agreed that future members of the Commonwealth are only required to have had some constitutional link with any existing member at any time in the past.

Taiwan is recognised by these 23 nations:

* Belize
* Burkina Faso
* Dominican Republic
* El Salvador
* Gambia
* Guatemala
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Nauru
* Nicaragua
* Palau
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Solomon Islands
* Swaziland
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Tuvalu
* Vatican City (The Holy See)

Of these 23 states, those that are already Commonwealth members are:

* Gambia
* Kiribati
* Nauru
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Solomon Islands
* Swaziland
* Tuvalu

This means that not only the latter nations can help in Taiwan's bid to join the Commonwealth, but since Taiwan also has diplomatic relations already with 9 Commonwealth members, it has a real possibility to be accepted as a non former British Empire member.

The only issue that could be possible grounds for rejecting Taiwan's application to join the Commonwealth would be the fact it is not considered a sovereign or fully-sovereign state, in light of the problem recognition of mainland China represents. However, we are trying to turn this around at the Commonwealth Nations Research Society (CNRS) by fostering a wider Commonwealth by attracting non-Commonwealth states and nations.

About the issues discussed here I recommend reading these two PDF files for additional information, and the second one is CNRS research:

Two Models of Democracy
http://dss.ucsd.edu/~jbaum/ps133d_sept27.pdf

Criteria for membership in the Commonwealth of Nations
http://cnrsociety.org/Commonwealth_membership_criteria.pdf

I'm sending a carbon copy (CC) of this email also to James Alcock, colleague and fellow researcher on the CNRS International Committee. He may amplify this discussion, or perhaps it may inspire further research. I hope you don't mind. I hope this has answered all your questions with this email.


Hon Most Rev Dr Cesidio Tallini
Member CNRS International Committee


--
Commonwealth Nations Research Society
90 Dale Avenue, Suite 1003
Scarborough, Ontario
M1J 3N4 CANADA
E: cnrsociety@gmail.com
W: http://cnrsociety.org
F: +1 516-706-0080

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=====================================

'Democracy as Antidotes to Sectarian Secessionism...' Carol Moore Mar7,08 http://tinyurl.com/35n66k

"The Revolution: A Manifesto", by Ron Paul Apr30,08 http://tinyurl.com/26zcgl
:Intro: 'The Ron Paul Moment Has Only Begun' Apr3,08 http://tinyurl.com/3yz85s
'NATO Expansion Is Aggression' Ron Paul Apr3,08 http://tinyurl.com/35g6xy
Actium Battle to Empire: Apr3?08 http://tinyurl.com/235lfh
US 'Strategic Manure' Charley Reese Apr5,08 http://tinyurl.com/4a2ok4
------------------------------------
'Small Laptop, Big Splash' Apr1,08: http://tinyurl.com/328a62
..."Taiwan's Quanta Computer and the Chi Mei Group"...
------------------------------------
'How to be reincarnated as a queen' Apr1,08 Ewen Callaway, NewScientist.com news service http://tinyurl.com/2paeft

..."worker bee's DNA can be reincarnated as a queen in a kind of asexual reproduction known as parthenogenesis"...
... ...
"In honeybee societies, and in those of other social insects, the queen pumps out eggs, while those in worker castes are sterile, and live merely to raise her offspring. But in many species of bees, female workers lay unfertilised eggs which, if allowed, will hatch into male bees. This behaviour is frowned upon, and "police" workers destroy many of these illicit eggs.

Cape honeybee workers, however, can spawn females through parthenogenesis, also known as virgin birth. If the larva receives the right coaxing – including a diet of royal jelly – it will develop into a queen, genetically identical to the lowly worker."
... ...
"Surprisingly, nearly two thirds of the queens led previous existences as workers."
... ...
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
'They're here': The mechanism of poltergeist activity' Apr1,08 Zeeya Merali, NewScientist.com news service http://tinyurl.com/26prkf

..."a pubescent child or a young woman.'...
... ...
"Brovetto and Maxia hypothesise that the changes in the brain that occur at puberty involve fluctuations in electron activity that, in rare cases, can create disturbances up to a few metres around the outside of the brain.

These disturbances would be similar in character to the quantum mechanical fluctuations that physicists believe occur in the vacuum, in which "virtual" particle and antiparticle pairs pop up for a fleeting moment, before annihilating and disappearing again.

Brovetto and Maxia believe that the extra fluctuations triggered by the pubescent brain would substantially enhance the presence of the virtual particles surrounding the person. This could slowly increase the pressure of air around them, moving objects and even sending them hurtling across the room.

The poltergeist paper will appear in the journal Neuroquantology."
... ...

====================================

American Empire:--------------------
< Evil WW2 War, by Patrick J. Buchanan Apr4,08 http://tinyurl.com/68j55l
Then, Israel as the Nazis, Apr8,08 http://tinyurl.com/48juw3
'Empire or Humanity?..' Howard Zinn Apr2,08 http://tinyurl.com/392puq
'A Submarine to Fight al-Qaida’s Navy' Apr2,08 http://tinyurl.com/2tzyjq
: http://tinyurl.com/3yx7z2
:---"Example: the $81-billion submarine pushed by Sen. Joseph Lieberman'---
Military-Industrial-Congressional Complex: 1Joe Lieberman 2 John Kerry 3Roy Blunt, Apr4,08 http://tinyurl.com/5jjj2x

'UN Appeals For Help To Rid Iraq of Landmines' Apr3,08 http://tinyurl.com/2ua54c

'Land Grab on a Global Scale' Dennis Martinez Apr2,08 http://tinyurl.com/2gtfq7
DM: founder and co-chairman of the Indigenous Peoples’ Restoration Network of the Society for Ecological Restoration International.
Iraq 'War Without End' Apr12,08 http://tinyurl.com/4cedc9
Next Iran? Apr14,08 http://tinyurl.com/4ds6jq

"Among the English-speaking settler societies — U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand — an irrational but powerful myth still prevails. It drove “manifest destiny” and is still alive and well, if usually unconscious."
... ...
------------------------------------

'Civilized China vs. Barbaric America' Doug French Mar5,08 http://tinyurl.com/ysokpt
... " – Beijing Airport is welcoming and uplifting." LAX is just the opposite."
------------------------------------
'Comment: This war on terrorism is bogus' Michael Meacher, The Guardian Sept6,03(6) http://tinyurl.com/2fhxe7

[[ Michael Meacher MP was environment minister from May 1997 to June 2003
meacherm@parliament.uk ]]

The 9/11 attacks gave the US an ideal pretext to use force to secure its global domination

... " a blueprint for the creation of a global Pax Americana was drawn up for Dick Cheney (now vice-president), Donald Rumsfeld (defence secretary), Paul Wolfowitz (Rumsfeld's deputy), Jeb Bush (George Bush's younger brother) and Lewis Libby (Cheney's chief of staff). The document, entitled Rebuilding America's Defences, was written in September 2000 by the neoconservative think tank, Project for the New American Century (PNAC). "
... ...
"The PNAC blueprint supports an earlier document attributed to Wolfowitz and Libby which said the US must "discourage advanced industrial nations from challenging our leadership or even aspiring to a larger regional or global role". It refers to key allies such as the UK as "the most effective and efficient means of exercising American global leadership". It describes peacekeeping missions as "demanding American political leadership rather than that of the UN". It says "even should Saddam pass from the scene", US bases in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait will remain permanently... as "Iran may well prove as large a threat to US interests as Iraq has". It spotlights China for "regime change", saying "it is time to increase the presence of American forces in SE Asia".

The document also calls for the creation of "US space forces" to dominate space, and the total control of cyberspace to prevent "enemies" using the internet against the US. It also hints that the US may consider developing biological weapons "that can target specific genotypes [and] may transform biological warfare from the realm of terror to a politically useful tool".

Finally - written a year before 9/11 - it pinpoints North Korea, Syria and Iran as dangerous regimes, and says their existence justifies the creation of a "worldwide command and control system". This is a blueprint for US world domination. But before it is dismissed as an agenda for rightwing fantasists, it is clear it provides a much better explanation of what actually happened before, during and after 9/11 than the global war on terrorism thesis. This can be seen in several ways. "
... ...
... "Or could US air security operations have been deliberately stood down on September 11? If so, why, and on whose authority? The former US federal crimes prosecutor, John Loftus, has said: "The information provided by European intelligence services prior to 9/11 was so extensive that it is no longer possible for either the CIA or FBI to assert a defence of incompetence."

Nor is the US response after 9/11 any better. No serious attempt has ever been made to catch Bin Laden. In late September and early October 2001, leaders of Pakistan's two Islamist parties negotiated Bin Laden's extradition to Pakistan to stand trial for 9/11. However, a US official said, significantly, that "casting our objectives too narrowly" risked "a premature collapse of the international effort if by some lucky chance Mr Bin Laden was captured". The US chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, General Myers, went so far as to say that "the goal has never been to get Bin Laden" (AP, April 5 2002). The whistleblowing FBI agent Robert Wright told ABC News (December 19 2002) that FBI headquarters wanted no arrests. And in November 2001 the US airforce complained it had had al-Qaida and Taliban leaders in its sights as many as 10 times over the previous six weeks, but had been unable to attack because they did not receive permission quickly enough (Time Magazine, May 13 2002). None of this assembled evidence, all of which comes from sources already in the public domain, is compatible with the idea of a real, determined war on terrorism.

The catalogue of evidence does, however, fall into place when set against the PNAC blueprint. From this it seems that the so-called "war on terrorism" is being used largely as bogus cover for achieving wider US strategic geopolitical objectives. Indeed Tony Blair himself hinted at this when he said to the Commons liaison committee: "To be truthful about it, there was no way we could have got the public consent to have suddenly launched a campaign on Afghanistan but for what happened on September 11" (Times, July 17 2002). Similarly Rumsfeld was so determined to obtain a rationale for an attack on Iraq that on 10 separate occasions he asked the CIA to find evidence linking Iraq to 9/11; the CIA repeatedly came back empty-handed (Time Magazine, May 13 2002).

In fact, 9/11 offered an extremely convenient pretext to put the PNAC plan into action. The evidence again is quite clear that plans for military action against Afghanistan and Iraq were in hand well before 9/11. A report prepared for the US government from the Baker Institute of Public Policy stated in April 2001 that "the US remains a prisoner of its energy dilemma. Iraq remains a destabilising influence to... the flow of oil to international markets from the Middle East". Submitted to Vice-President Cheney's energy task group, the report recommended that because this was an unacceptable risk to the US, "military intervention" was necessary (Sunday Herald, October 6 2002).

Similar evidence exists in regard to Afghanistan. The BBC reported (September 18 2001) that Niaz Niak, a former Pakistan foreign secretary, was told by senior American officials at a meeting in Berlin in mid-July 2001 that "military action against Afghanistan would go ahead by the middle of October". Until July 2001 the US government saw the Taliban regime as a source of stability in Central Asia that would enable the construction of hydrocarbon pipelines from the oil and gas fields in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, through Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the Indian Ocean. But, confronted with the Taliban's refusal to accept US conditions, the US representatives told them "either you accept our offer of a carpet of gold, or we bury you under a carpet of bombs" (Inter Press Service, November 15 2001).

Given this background, it is not surprising that some have seen the US failure to avert the 9/11 attacks as creating an invaluable pretext for attacking Afghanistan in a war that had clearly already been well planned in advance. There is a possible precedent for this. The US national archives reveal that President Roosevelt used exactly this approach in relation to Pearl Harbor on December 7 1941. Some advance warning of the attacks was received, but the information never reached the US fleet. The ensuing national outrage persuaded a reluctant US public to join the second world war. Similarly the PNAC blueprint of September 2000 states that the process of transforming the US into "tomorrow's dominant force" is likely to be a long one in the absence of "some catastrophic and catalyzing event - like a new Pearl Harbor". The 9/11 attacks allowed the US to press the "go" button for a strategy in accordance with the PNAC agenda which it would otherwise have been politically impossible to implement. "
... ...
====================================

------------------------------------
The following from Victoria2281947's blog, while she has later petitioned requesting a Congressional Hearing: http://tinyurl.com/26njdx
"PETITION AND MEMORIAL OF THE PEOPLES OF FORMOSA TO THE CONGRESS OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FOR AUTHORIZATION TO HOLD A CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION AND
PLEBISCITE FOR EXERCISE OF THE SELF-DETERMINATIVE RIGHTS OF THE FORMOSAN
PEOPLES TO END THEIR COLONIAL SUBJUGATION AND TO CEASE THE UNITED STATES
MILITARY GOVERNMENT ON FORMOSA UNDER THE SAN FRANCISCO PEACE TREATY"


'First submitted to House Judicial Committee : January 8, 2008
Resubmitted to Speaker of the House: April 2, 2008'

'My Open Letter To Dr. Rice, Secretary of State' Feb18,08 http://tinyurl.com/38g4oh
..."February 7, 2008"...
... ...
"I am enclosing a copy of the demographic chart which was given to me by a Provincial Taiwan Representative, Chang Wen-Ying (張溫鶯) in 1992, while some of the surviving family members (including my widowed mother) from the US visited the Taiwan Provincial Government as a group. The chart is showing that the total number of death in a population of 6,495,099 in Taiwan in 1947 was 114,192; a whopping death rate of 18.15 per 1,000."
... ...
"Dear Dr. Rice, I am writing this letter to urge you to forward my letters and copies of my enclosure to the United Nation Decolonization Committee to report this status of Formosa under Article 77e of the UN Charter. There is going to be a Presidential Election of this Republic of China in exile in Taiwan on March 22, 2008 which is packaged with a referendum, “UN for Taiwan”. I understand that the UN and the US, having a “One China” policy, are opposing this action by the Taiwan authority. I am, as one of the surviving victim’s representatives, frustrated by the injustice of the Republic of China Regime, would like to urge a meeting and on-site investigation into this cold blood genocides of the said government on Formosa and their March 2008 Presidential election.


Your help will be deeply appreciated.

Very Truly Yours,
Margaret Lu, M.D."
------------------------------------

' 敲響費城獨立鐘-盧主義與3F的故事 ', by 楊遠薰:

已是近半世紀前的往事了,盧主義 (Jay Loo) 提起初抵費城第一個中秋節的情景,一切猶仍歷歷在眼前。

「那日,在Abington 醫院服務的楊東傑 ( TomYang ) 醫師來看我。然後帶我到城西,與林榮勳 (John Lin) 、陳以德 (Edward Chen) 和林錫湖 (Echo Lin)等幾個朋友認識。」盧主義說:「大家見了面,都很高興。一行人遂搭了地鐵到Chinatown打牙祭。餐後,大家沿著Market Street ,緩緩走向典雅宏偉的市府大樓。時值中秋節,月亮分外皎潔。林榮勳遞給我僅有的一塊月餅,說是給小學弟的見面禮。我握著月餅,心底覺得很溫馨。」

站在市府大樓前,他們眺望著費城的夜景。聞名遐邇的獨立古蹟大樓就在不遠處,縱使望不見,那獨立大樓前的自由鐘彷彿無聲地敲打著他們的心。四個月後,這五個年輕人就在這獨立的聖城成立了「台灣人的自由台灣 (Formosans’ Free Formosa) ,簡稱3F」,敲響了北美洲第一聲台灣獨立的鐘聲。

躊躇滿志的青年

盧主義在很早的年代到美國留學,是當時極少數未當兵即出國的年輕留學生之一。

時值1951年,聽說有一位國民黨大官要送兒子到美國唸書,特准那年的役男未當兵即可出國。盧主義把握這難得的機會,央請在台北的孫雅各牧師 (Rev. James Dickson)寫介紹信,申請到孫牧師在明尼蘇達州的母校Macalester College的入學許可,然後趕在年底出國。其時,他已考上人人羨慕的台大醫科,卻毫不猶豫地揮一揮衣袖走了。

「我在成長過程裡,對台灣許多現象常感到不滿,因此很想出國。」盧主義說:「我讀港 (Minado) 小學時,看到日本老師殘暴地毆打學生,心裡很氣憤。小學畢業,日本投降,目睹中國軍隊接收台灣的種種亂象,覺得很失望。唸長榮中學初中時,見到中國教官無理地體罰學生,覺得台灣人實在很可憐,始終當人家的二等公民。讀到初三,遭逢二二八事件,政治的陰影始終籠罩在心頭。就讀台南一中高中時,又值白色恐怖時代,還是有說不出的鬱卒,就希望有機會能出國,見見世面。」

他來自一個基督教家庭,做食品生意的父親盧牧童是台南最古老的看西街教會的長老,有個三叔認識孫雅各牧師,因此經由孫牧師的介紹,他得以在1951年12月來到明州的聖保羅,過起新奇、忙碌又帶點孤單的留學生活。

幸好隔年,學校又來了個台灣學生,也姓盧,同樣經孫牧師介紹前來。不過這個盧建和 (George Lu) 家住台中,父親是著名的企業家盧慶雲,與主義沒有親戚關係,倒是兩人很快地成為好朋友。

一日,主義在圖書館用功,建和捎給他一本Fred Riggs的Formosa Under Chinese Nationalist Rule (國民黨統治下的台灣)。主義一口氣讀完,覺得意猶未盡,以後就常在學校圖書館裡搜尋有關台灣的書籍或文章。他後來讀到柯喬治 (George Kerr) 在1947年寫的「二二八的起因與經過」及「三月大屠殺」兩篇文章,真是思緒起伏,輾轉難眠。

但他畢竟是要唸醫的人。因此他在1955年獲得Temple大學醫學院入學許可後,即離開明尼蘇達,來到費城,準備完成過去未實現的醫生夢。到費城之前,他先寫信給台南一中的學長城錦榮兄,請其為之介紹費城的同鄉。因此抵達費城後不久,即有楊東傑醫師的探訪,而後有了中秋節那晚的難忘聚會。

此後每逢週末,五個人便常在一起。他們當中,楊東傑最年長,盧主義最年輕,林榮勳最早到費城。楊東傑、林榮勳和陳以德三人都來自台灣的醫生家庭,曾一起在費城賃屋而居,也曾共同到教會和紡織廠打工,交情相當親密。

林榮勳畢業台大政治系,於1952年到U. Penn. (賓夕尼亞大學) 攻讀政治學博士。他就讀台大期間,曾擔任學生自治會的會長。1949年,台大發生「四六事件」時,國民黨軍隊開進校園,逮捕學生。林榮勳仗義代表學生自治會,向政府陳情。結果他被特務帶走,幸好傅斯年校長及時出面保釋,才得以脫險。此後,他常嚴詞批評國民黨。

陳以德畢業台大法律系,因為拉得一手好小提琴,在軍中服役時,曾與同袍共組樂團,於蔣介石生日時,在領袖面前演奏,恭祝總統華誕。自軍隊退役後,他到司法行政部工作,與台大同學童靜梓 (Grace Lin)同事。然後經由童靜梓的未婚夫林榮勳的幫忙,於1954年到U. Penn.攻讀國際關係。抵達費城後,他因與林榮勳住一起,受林的影響,政治想法有很大的改變。

楊東傑畢業於東京慈惠醫科大學,在1947年一月自東京學成回台後,即遇上慘絕人寰的二二八大屠殺,因此對國民黨相當不滿。1954年,他到U. Penn.研習放射醫學,此後與其在日本的表兄吳振南醫師時有聯繫。吳振南是當時相當活躍的台獨份子,後來當上「台灣共和國臨時政府」的副總統。楊東傑醫師也因此對台獨運動有些認識。

林錫湖來自台南望族,父親是府城著名的企業家林全福,自台大化學系畢業、服完兵役後,即到新墨西哥大學攻讀化學。1955年,他拿到碩士學位,轉到U. Penn攻讀有機化學博士。

這五個人每次在一起,話題總離不開批評國民黨。兩、三個月後,主義漸漸覺得與其坐而痛罵,不如起而行動,於是建議成立組織,倡導台獨理念。但他的想法一提出,很快地遭到其他人基於不同的顧忌,而有種種的疑慮,彼此之間遂有了辯論。

盧主義說:「我的年紀最輕,又讀醫學,若談政治,理應聽從林榮勳與陳以德才是。可是當時我年輕氣盛,也自認讀過不少有關台灣的論述,所以辯起論來,理直氣壯,互不相讓。幸好每逢僵局時,就有老大哥的楊醫師出面解圍。他常說:『主義講得有道理』,壯了我不少聲勢。」

那年十二月,盧主義投書紐約時報 (New York Times) ,陳述國民黨在台灣施行暴政,呼籲美國人支持台灣人除去國民黨專制,以免日後台灣淪落共產黨手中。此文竟獲得刊登,大大鼓舞了大家的士氣。盧主義遂再度提出成立組織事宜,終於在年底相繼獲得其他人的同意。

於是在1956年元月一日,林榮勳 、陳以德 、盧主義、林錫湖和楊東傑五個人共同在費城成立「台灣人的自由台灣 (Formosans’ Free Formosa) ,簡稱3F」,正式開啟北美洲台灣獨立運動的序幕。

3F的成立與FBI的調查

1956 年正月,他們發出3F第一期通訊,除了宣佈3F的成立外,並揭櫫宗旨為反抗獨裁政權,建立獨立民主的台灣國。盧主義說:「我們當時的工作目標有二,一是分送3F通訊給台灣學生,並徵募同志;二是寄發有關台灣的文章給美國國會、媒體與大學圖書館,爭取美國友人的支持。」

「那時由我當編輯,林榮勳、陳以德和我三人撰稿。」他接著說:「再交由陳以德的美國女友Maxine打字,然後一起用油印機一張張地影印,再合訂、寄發出去。由於楊醫師和我不久相繼離開費城,所以發行的工作由林錫湖、錫湖的女友Dolores、林榮勳、和陳以德等幾個人做。他們常常為了寄發通訊,忙到三更半夜。在這情況下,3F也得以在兩年間,發行了十一期通訊。」

在徵募同志方面,盧主義吸收了明尼蘇達的盧建和與華府的郭漢清 (Larry Kuo)。盧建和再邀請其在台中一中的摯友楊基錕 (Kenny Yang) 加入。楊基錕是台灣聞人楊肇嘉的兒子,其時正在北卡羅萊那州的Chapel Hill唸數學。在那個搞台獨被抓到、有可能被槍斃的年代,這八個人可說是肝膽相照、推心置腹的好朋友。

其時,日本的台獨運動方興未艾。1956年2月28日,廖文毅率領其「台灣民主獨立黨」的同志在東京成立「台灣共和國臨時政府」。四月,盧主義寫信給廖文毅,告知3F成立,並希望與之合作。不久,廖氏回函,要求3F派兩名代表,以臨時政府名義,向聯合國祕書長哈馬紹 (Dag Hammarskjold) 陳情。陳情書中宜建議台灣由聯合國託管,待過一段時日後,再由島上公民投票決定台灣的前途。

然廖氏的這項要求,延至秋天才進行,因為盧主義那時正面臨著本身前途的抉擇。他自3F成立後,越來越感到醫學院的繁重功課與推展台獨運動猶如魚與熊掌,難以兼顧,必須擇一而行。那年夏天,他到Montana的國家公園打工。在寂靜的山區裡,反覆斟酌了兩個月,終於決定不再回Temple醫學院,改往Minneapolis的明尼蘇達州立大學攻讀政治。

「我那時覺得倘若台灣優秀的人才都讀醫學,萬一台灣真的獨立了,缺乏政經人才的台灣人何以治國?」他說。於是懷著「捨我其誰」的心情,他二度離開醫學院。

但顯然地,他父親對他兩度與醫生行業擦身而過很不諒解,在極度失望下,斷絕了對他的經濟支援。所以回到明尼蘇達的盧主義一方面得在學校餐廳頻頻打工,另方面得修較多的課,以期早日畢業。與此同時,他還得繼續編輯3F的通訊,撰寫宣揚台獨的文章,因此日子過得如旋轉的走馬燈。

那年秋天,他終於以Peter Ong的假名,寫了一篇三千字的陳情書,代表「台灣共和國臨時政府」,向聯合國祕書長哈馬紹陳情,並且要求與哈馬紹見面。11月24日,他收到聯合國律師的回函,答以「台灣共和國臨時政府」未被聯合國的任何會員國所承認,因此哈馬紹祕書長不便接見其代表。

兩個月後的1957年1月31日,在聖保羅的盧建和突然行色匆匆地趕到Minneapolis的明大校園。他一見到盧主義,即劈頭告以美國聯邦調查局(FBI)正向他調查有關3F的事。隔日,主義遂偕同建和到 Minneapolis的FBI辦公大樓報到,逐一回答調查員Mr. Watson提出的各項問題。

時值恐共的五十年代,FBI對所有政治結社必予詳細調查。因此以後每隔兩、三星期,兩盧必須到FBI辦公室報到。如此經過三、四個月的盤查,方才讓調查員相信3F是一個反對共產黨、標榜民主建國的組織。調查事件遂告一段落,但3F的資料仍需送司法部報備。

1957年十二月,盧主義終於獲得明尼蘇達州立大學的政治學學士,距離他出國,已經整整過了六年。事情的發展與原先的計劃相去甚遠,但他不後悔,也無暇後悔,只有忙不迭地朝前繼續邁進。這時,他已申請到普林斯頓大學的威爾遜國際事務學院 (Woodrow Wilson of Public and International Affairs) 的全額獎學金,準備隔年九月到距費城一個多小時車程的普林斯頓深造。

由於離開學還有一段時間,他先到紐約打工。但赴紐約之前,他得回費城,與睽違一年半的同志們見面並開會。會議中,大家對3F的未來議論紛紛。由於經過FBI的調查,有人主張停止台獨運動,有人建議將3F改為學術社團,盧主義則力主繼續進行獨運。他說,3F如今已被認定是一個民主建國的組織,往後當有更廣闊的發展空間。

表決結果,多數人贊成繼續推展獨運,但通過變更組織名稱。1958年正月一日,3F更名為UFI (United Formosans for Independence) ,漢文稱作「台灣獨立聯盟」,正式對外高擎台灣獨立的大旗。

重要論述的發表

UFI成立當天,盧主義被推選為主席。自那時以迄1960年十月,是他意氣風發的精華期,也是他後來最常提起的一段歲月。

二月,他接到美國司法部的公文,指稱3F未經登記,即代表「台灣共和國臨時政府」向聯合國陳情,明顯抵觸外國團體代理人必須註冊的法律規定。盧主義乃循序補辦登記手續,結束長達年餘的調查案件。自此, 3F走入歷史。

四月,UFI發出第一期「美麗島 (Ilha Formosa)」通訊。盧主義在發刊詞中,呼籲台灣人要把握關鍵時刻,贏得自決權利,成為自己命運的主宰,言論頗為鏗鏘有力。

兩個星期後,一件更令人興奮的事情發生。盧主義以李天福 ( Li Thian-hok) 的筆名,撰寫一篇主張台灣獨立的論文:「中國死巷 (The China Impasse,A Formosan View)」,在深孚眾望的美國《外交季刊 ( Foreigh Affairs) 》獲得刊登,引起各界的矚目。

「據說此文刊出後,蔣介石震怒異常,指定國府駐聯合國特使蔣廷黻立刻為文反駁。但蔣廷黻的回應文章並未被《外交季刊 》所接納,只好自己影印數千份,寄給聯合國各國的代表們與各大學術機構。」盧主義說。

這篇文章之所以受到重視,主要原因有三。其一,《外交季刊》乃一各國元首、政要及重量級學者發表論文的刊物。該刊四月份的作者,除了李天福外,還有美國國務卿Dean Acheson、英國財政部長 Peter Thorneycroft、義大利外交部長Amintore Fanfani、印尼副總統Mohammad Hatta 和哈佛大學教授季辛吉Henry Kissinger,皆是全球一時之碩彥。

其二,此文係台灣人的心聲首度在國際論壇披露。誠如UFI創會八傑之一的楊基琨說:「在那個無人敢提『台灣獨立』四個字的年代,一個藉藉無名的窮學生居然能在一言九鼎的《外交季刊》發表台獨主張,是多麼地令人興奮!我們都為他感到驕傲。」

其三,此文強調的數個論點,成為後來獨運人士一再引申的台獨基本理論。盧主義在這篇文章裡,首先提出「台灣主權未定論」。他指出1951年的舊金山和約只記載日本放棄對台灣與澎湖的主權,並未明定台、澎的主權歸屬,所以台灣的地位實則未定。

他繼而表示,最近國際間有「兩個中國」的說法,然此構想必遭國、共雙方的反對。因為對國民黨來說,「兩個中國」將使蔣介石的反攻大陸變成可笑的神話。

他進一步批評蔣介石在島上藉軍隊與特務,實施恐怖殖民統治,顯示這是一個外來政權。歷史上,島上住民不斷地與外來政權抗爭;政治實質上,台灣也一直與中國分離。基於長期奮鬥的過程與共同對這塊土地的認同,台灣人實已建立一個不同於中國人的民族群體。這個族群惟有走出中國的死胡同,才能找到出路。因此,台灣人有權建立一個獨立民主的國家。

這種由法律、政治、歷史與民族的觀點,來闡釋台獨正當性的論述,成為後來台獨論者屢屢引用的基調。盧主義說,此文係根據他在明大的畢業論文改寫而成。依當時明大之規定,所有大學畢業生必須提交論文,方能畢業。盧主義在1957年秋天完成這篇論文,主要在探討當時台灣的政治、經濟、軍事與社會各方面的狀況,結果獲得該年度畢業論文獎第一名。這項殊榮使他信心大增,於是將此論文寄到《外交季刊》。不久,他收到編輯回函,指文章太長,若能縮短至五千字,可望刊登。他於是加以刪減,經過兩次改寫,終於獲得採納。

他接著說:「該文原定於1958年元月刊出,但屆時編輯打電話給我說,有一篇蘇俄元首Nikita Khruschev的『和平共存』需要擠入,此文將延至春季才刊登。文章在四月發表後,立刻有幾位自稱對該文有研究興趣的人,寫信至季刊社,要求查詢李天福的電話與地址。結果編輯都將這些信函影印,轉交給我。」

數個月後,盧主義又在另一政論雜誌《新共和(The New Republic)》上,與幾位西方學術泰斗打起筆戰。1958年下半年,《新共和》連續刊登四篇有關台灣的文章。其中澳洲大學的Michael Lindsay教授在「台灣的前途」一文中,提及國民黨在台實施土地改革的績效。另一位澳洲評論員Denis Warner則在「台灣獨立的展望」一文中,指稱台灣人對前途沒有定見,日後台灣與中國將在「一個中國」的政策下,繼續維持分治的事實。

盧主義於是撰寫「台灣人知道要什麼」一文作為回應。這篇在11月24日的「新共和」刊出的文章指出,台灣人在國民黨的白色恐怖統治下,不敢也不願明白表示自己的政治主張;倘台灣人無生命自由之虞,絕大多數人會選擇建立一個獨立民主的國家。

他同時批評國民黨的土地改革實乃自欺欺人的政策。他說,1949年實施的「三七五減租」,表面看來農民受惠,實則政府獲利。因為雖然農民承租土地的租金從主作物總價值的50% 降低至37.5%,但因政府壓抑糧價,強迫農民以稻米低價換取糧食局供應的高價肥料,農民實際得不償失。

至於1953年實施的「耕者有其田」,更是對地主變相的剝削。他繼續指出,政府強制地主只能保留三公頃的二等級水田,其餘農地必須以主作物年產量兩倍半的價格售予政府,而政府則以七成的「米糧債券」和三成的國營企業股票作為支付。結果地主以債券兌換米糧時,政府給付的是非常劣質的米糧;而且國營企業股票一發行,股價即一落千丈。因此土地政策的實施,農民並未蒙惠,地主深受其害,而政府是最大的贏家。

此文一刊登,國民黨官員再度為之跺腳。國府駐華府的全權公使朱撫松奉命為文反駁,結果不了了之。四十年後,盧主義赫然發現,李登輝總統在康乃爾大學的博士論文,在探討台灣土地改革方面,竟有不少論點與他當年見解不謀而和。

除了撰文在主流刊物發表外,UFI也寄發「訴求公義 ( Appeal for Justice )」的小冊子給美國的國會議員與大學的圖書館,爭取美國人士對台獨的支持。此外,在東京的王育德等人於1960年成立《台灣青年》社,發行《台灣青年》刊物。盧主義也寫信與之聯繫,以後雙方互有往來。

1960年是盧主義生命的分水嶺。他從年初的喜獲終生伴侶,年中的榮獲普林斯頓碩士學位,到年底的一場跌得遍體鱗傷的選舉,箇中感受,非他人所能揣測。他尤其看到人性的黑暗與險惡,那種失望與傷痛令他往後許多年難以釋懷。

揮淚告別獨立運動

1959年秋天,聽說有兩名台灣護士抵達費城,在普林斯頓求學的盧主義不禁躍躍欲試,專程趕回費城,參加台灣同鄉會的中秋節聚餐。五十年代,台灣出國的女生少之又少,倒有一些護士應聘到美國就業,成為眾多君子好逑的對象。

那日,他在喧嘩的同鄉會裡,果然看到一名身材修長的年輕女性。由於生性拘謹害羞,他只站在遠處,暗中凝視。後來向朋友打聽,發現小姐並非他原先慕名前來的護士,而是一個甫到U. Penn. 唸社會學的台大外文系畢業生。小姐芳名翁進治,英文名字叫海倫 (Helen ),同樣來自台南,父親也做生意。他心中不禁一喜,心想這緣份來得可巧合,豈能錯失?於是提起一貫認定目標勇往直前的作風,果然旗開得勝。四個月後,小姐書也不唸,心甘情願嫁他當台傭。

時隔半世紀,在賓州Landsdale鎮典雅寬敞的盧家客廳裡,海倫指著正面大牆中央的一楨照片,笑著說:「當年就是被他這個樣子迷住的。」

照片裡的青年頭髮濃密,五官俊美,沉思凝視的神情令人想起「少年維特的煩惱」。難道這是主義?

「是啊,他年輕時就是這個樣子。」海倫含笑回答:「我大學畢業,嚮往外面的世界,就對父親說,我要到美國唸書。爸爸只問一句話:需要多少錢?我說了一個數字,他真的給了我那麼多錢。臨出國前,媽媽問道:女孩子唸那麼多書,回來找不到結婚的對象,怎麼辦?我順口回答:『那我就不回來了!』沒想到一語成籤,後來很多年真的回不了故鄉。有時想想,實在愧對父母。那年頭,黑市換美金,還是五十塊台幣換一塊美金呢!」

「我父親在台南開家製麵工廠,家裡一直請許多人幫忙。」她接著說:「我在家時,幾乎不曾下過廚房。結婚後,家事一竅不通。煮飯作菜,還是主義和其他留學生太太教我的。自己對金錢也沒有概念,等真正捉襟見肘了,才學著一分一角地計算。」

主義結婚後,大抵稱心如意。那年五月,他獲得普林斯頓大學的公共事務學碩士。回到費城老巢,一方面從事獨立運動,另方面申請進U. Penn.攻讀政治學博士,同時在餐館打工維生。

其時,台灣留學生日益增多,分別在紐約、芝加哥和洛杉磯等三個城市成立「Formosan Club」。台灣獨立聯盟用心吸收同志,尤其努力延攬熱心同鄉會之士。隨著組織的逐漸壯大,獨盟主席的選舉亦趨白熱化。

1960年十一月,UFI主席改選。對盧主義來說,這是一次傷痕纍纍的選舉。縱使時隔四十多載,往事已如塵煙,創疤已生厚繭,但提起這段過去,他猶有幾許感喟。

他盡量挑選簡短的詞句,將這事帶過。主義說,那時他競選連任,林錫湖出馬與之角逐。選舉結果,兩人皆告落選,主席由非候選人的陳以德擔任。選舉過程的錯綜複雜固非外人所能明白,亦非篤信民主程序的他所能理解。

他接著說:「同日,在UFI主席選舉之後,接著推選首屆同鄉會會長候選人,結果亦一團糟。芝加哥代表謝英哲明明獲得較多的票,但與之角逐的紐約代表陳樸一卻不願接受事實,計劃中的全美會會長選舉遂告流產。這一拖,就拖了十年,直到1970年,才有全美會會長的誕生。」

選舉過後,盧主義渾身創傷,即使新婚未滿一年的太太為他生了一個白白胖胖的兒子,都無法減輕他心頭的沉重。他嘗試跨越政治理想與現實之間的那道鴻溝,卻時載時沉,自己都難掌控。 1961年春,在一次與林錫湖、陳以德一起到紐約處理選舉善後事宜後,他決定自台灣人運動中退出。

他說:「兩次選舉讓我對台灣人的民主素養失去信心,也懷疑自己是否能在台灣人的政治生態中生存?在許多挫折中,我最難以釋懷的是大家都冒著生命的危險,從事理念的工作,如果彼此失去信任,怎能保證日後不被出賣?」

停了好一會兒,他垂眼望著地面,繼續說:「而且,我太太那時懷第二個孩子,不幸流產。我感到很歉疚。我經常滿心滿腦的獨立運動理念,對她很少照顧。我每天要和許多人聯絡,每個月的長途電話費貴得嚇死人。本身沒有固定的工作,經濟自然很短絀。我們沒有車,買東西得用手提。住在租來的破舊小樓,東西提上提下,竟然提壞了她的身子和孩子。我心痛如刀割。她生第一個孩子,我沒有好好照顧她。她獨自帶著小Baby,不久又懷孕,接著流產,心情自然低潮。我想,這該是我照顧家庭的時候了。」

於是,他悄悄自台灣人運動中消失,直到人們幾乎忘記他的存在。

對於長期在台灣人運動中缺席,他恢復了平靜的語氣,淡然地說:「我後來看到越來越多的人站出來,台獨的路越走越寬廣,心裡就覺得很安慰。那美好的仗,我已打過。對於退出,實也沒什麼好遺憾的。」

「如果沒有遺憾,為什麼當年要掉那麼多眼淚?」在一旁的海倫含笑地看了他一眼,打趣道。主義無語,沒有表情的臉似乎多了一層肅穆。

離開獨立聯盟後不久,盧主義在費城的賓州信託人壽保險(Penn Mutual Insurance)找到工作。由於過去在紐約打工時,他曾在Guardian 保險公司當過職員,知道精算師是一門很受人敬重的行業。他於是從入門精算員做起,每天過著早晚上、下班的規律生活。

「精算學(Actuary) 是一門應用數學。」主義解釋說:「一個精算師必須熟讀相關法規,研判各種狀況,再予以精確的計算。譬如計算養老年金的給付,要先熟悉政府的法令、公司的退休制度、員工的薪水、支薪的週期與服務的期限,再計算多少年後,公司在每個週期應給付多少等等。欲取得精算師的資格,必須修滿三十幾門學科,通過十級考試。在職的人如果一年能考過一級,十年考過十級,就算非常順利了。」

重新確定目標後的盧主義又開始在新的軌道衝刺。他刻意迴避舊識,搬到一個鮮少台灣人居住的小鎮,每天搭乘火車上下班。他說:「辦公室的行政工作很多,幾乎天天都加班。每晚搭乘火車回到家,都已燈火通明。週末則忙著整理庭園。有一陣子,我們買了一塊四英畝的地,房子四周全是樹林,我每個週末都在鋸樹、砍樹。」

一有空,他就準備考試。一科一科地考,一級一級地過。昔日政治的熱情已沉澱,取之以代的是鎮日埋首數字與法規間。十二年後,他如願成了精算師 (Fellow, Society of Actuaries),也贏得幾個大客戶的信任。數年後,他離開賓州信託,轉到咨詢公司服務。然後在1978年,創立了自己的精算顧問公司。海倫後來又生了一個兒子。她在老二上幼稚園後,即回學校唸電腦,隨後成為一個優秀的電腦軟體資訊人,和主義共同經營著一個很安穩的家庭。

盧主義退出獨運後不久,U. Penn.又來了一個熱心的台灣年輕人。唸經濟的羅福全開朗又熱情,太太毛清芬很會照顧其他的留學生,兩個人再加上一個古道熱腸的王博文,很快地又將費城的台灣人風潮帶起來。所謂長江後浪推前浪,前面的人消沉,後來的人繼起,台灣人運動還是不停地向前滾動。

昔日的「費城八傑」紛紛各奔前程。楊東傑醫師於1956年回台灣。林榮勳自1960年到紐約州立大學的New Paltz校區執教後,鮮少出現台灣人當中。林錫湖一直住在費城附近,卻也在1961年後淡出獨運。盧建和與郭漢清先後搬到加州,楊基錕畢業後,往華府發展。三個人都在UFI改組後脫離獨盟。倒是盧建和的兩個妹婿,一個在日本執教的許世楷,一個在耶魯大學執教的陳隆志,都成了非常著名的台獨學者。

八個人當中,只有陳以德繼續擎著台獨大旗,向前多走了幾年。他曾於1961年2月28日,在紐約召開記者會,對外公開台獨聯盟的組織與活動。1966年六月,UFI與其他在美國的台灣人社團聯合,共同在費城成立「全美台灣獨立聯盟 (Unite Formosans in America for Independence ,簡稱UFAI )」,陳以德出任第一屆執委會主席,周烒明擔任中央委員會委員長。但在此之後,陳以德搬到俄亥俄州,執教於Bowling Green College,也逐漸淡出獨立運動。隔年,王人紀出任獨盟主席,「費城八傑」走入歷史。 李天福再現

1968年,UFAI通過決議,將總部由費城遷往紐約。1970年元月一日,全球台獨人士在紐約成立「世界台灣獨立聯盟(World United Formosans for Independence,簡稱 WUFI)。此後紐約取代費城,成為台灣人的風雲際會之處。3F、UFI 、UFAI等與費城相連結的台獨運動皆成歷史,停留在上一輩人的腦裡。

然後,二、三十年歲月匆匆飛逝,世事誠如滄海變桑田,台灣亦由專制變民主。九十年代,黑名單解除,海外獨運人士相繼返台,接受島內同胞熱誠的歡迎。此時,盧主義卻仍半隱居在賓州的Landsdale小鎮。

他終於在1993年踏出長期自我築起的堡壘的第一步,與費城同鄉共同舉辦「墾丁俱樂部」。他向鎮上的Boys and Girls Club租借場地,每星期六晚間開放給同鄉使用。大家在那裡,可以打球、運動、看電視或交誼。剛開始時,俱樂部門可羅雀;逐漸地,使用人增多,慢慢就形成大費城地區的台灣人週末活動中心。後來有外賓來訪,也利用那個地方舉辦演講。每星期六晚上,盧主義與張子卿、廖進興等熱心同鄉輪流去開門、關門。如此延續了四年,直到1997年因為場地續租困難,才將俱樂部關掉。

主辦墾丁俱樂部期間,盧主義開始參加「台灣人公共事務協會(FAPA)」的活動。1994年,在鄭義勇牧師發起下,FAPA賓州分會正式成立。隨後因為鄭牧師他遷,由王博文出任1994與1995年會長,盧主義則繼任1996與1997年的會長。

FAPA 的主要工作在遊說美國國會議員支持台灣,對盧主義而言,如同一竟年輕時未完成之任務,做來駕輕就熟。他的用功深思與精湛的英文造詣,使他能與華府的學者專家們暢談無礙,進而建立情誼。在當分會長兩年期間的傑出表現,亦使他在1998年順利當選FAPA總會的中央委員。同年,離開了三十六年的台灣獨立聯盟亦請他歸隊,兼任WUFI的外交工作。因此,他逐漸自精算師的行業退休,再度回歸外交與論述的老本行,也重續四十年前對台灣的關切與熱情。

同樣在1998年,紐約台灣同鄉會長李正三在紐約的台灣會館主辦一場盛大的二二八紀念會,除了邀請二二八受難家屬阮美姝演講外,還將遁隱了三十多年的「費城三傑」請了出來。陳以德、盧主義和已故的林榮勳遺孀童靜梓女士共同現身,將長期籠罩一層神祕面紗的3F組織公諸於世。

隔年,盧主義擔任美東台灣人夏令會總召集人,特別在夏令會裡安排一場由王博文主持的「費城四傑談海外台獨運動」。沉寂甚久的林錫湖也露面了,楊東傑醫師則由其子楊明昊代為出席。盧主義、林錫湖與陳以德等數十年疏於聯繫的老戰友們重聚一堂,可謂昔日紅顏,今日白髮,撫今追昔,不勝感傷。但無疑問地,他們都為往日膽敢為人前鋒、倡導台獨理念感到驕傲,也為今日台獨意識成為海內外無可抗拒的洪流感到欣慰。

回復了往日情懷,盧主義再度以李天福 的筆名發表有關台灣的論述。當署名Li Thian-hok的文章陸續在Taipei Times等英文報刊出現時,即有同鄉訝異道:「這個Li Thian-hok還活著嗎?我當他早就作古了!」

蟄伏三十多載的李天福確實復活,再度出現。重為李天福的盧主義依舊執著認真,但多了份沉穩內殮,也帶了點嚴肅憂沉。他說,他的憂沉來自對台灣前途的憂慮。面對中國不斷地擴充武力、台海兩岸交流的急遽增加、以及美國務實派的抬頭,都讓他感到憂心忡忡。

他說:「即使在華府作遊說,也感受到中國的重重壓力。中國在華府聘請了四十名專業人員,從事打壓台灣的工作。他們不僅學會台灣的所有遊說模式,並且比台灣更捨得花錢。我們除了更努力打拼外,還能怎樣?」

所以,老驥當壯的盧主義繼續向前奔馳。他用心研讀所有關於台灣的文章,隨時撰文回應;拜會美國國會議員與助理,注意有關台灣議案的提出與表決;參加華府的各智庫與大學所舉辦的研討會,經常與專家學者們交換意見。此外,他亦參加FAPA、台灣政府駐外單位、以及其他台灣人外交團體所舉辦的會議與活動等等。他的認真與專業贏得不少美國學者如Arthur Waldron、June Dreyer等的敬重,也因此在2004年被甫成立的美國智庫「國際評估與戰略中心」聘為「亞洲安全及民主企劃」的研究員。

為了參與這些會議和活動,主義與海倫必須經常風塵僕僕往返賓州、華府間。往往天未破曉,他們即開車到Landsdale火車站,搭乘清晨五點出發的第一班火車到費城,再轉搭Amtrak的火車到華府,然後搭乘地鐵到會議的地點。等完成一天的行程,輾轉搭火車回到家時,都已夜半時分。

主義說:「有時要參加早上八點鐘的會議,得前一晚到華府過夜。從前陳美津與韋傑里 (Gerrit van der Wees) 住華府時,我和海倫常去打擾。他們搬回荷蘭後,我們曾借宿過一、兩位朋友家,後來就盡量採取當天往返的方式。」

坐在賓州、華府急馳的火車裡,3F 的往事已遠去,UFI的傷痛已消失,刻板的精算師生活亦成過去,如今的盧主義所魂牽夢縈的就是台灣的前途。說來,這台灣獨立的理念曾使他多走了許多曲折的人生路,卻也照亮了他生命的精華處。

他說:「我一生最大的驕傲,就是敲響北美洲的台灣獨立鐘;最大的願望當然是看到更多更多的人敲響所有台灣島內的獨立鐘。」而側過頭,海倫始終安靜地在他身傍,那是他?心深處最大的安慰。

==================================

【林志昇控美案】的最新發展
要求美國法院認定,依據美參議院通過之
舊金山和平條約,核發台灣人旅行證件(護照)
給台灣人民發護照的權責機構是美國務院

二零零六年十月二十四日以「Civil Action No. 06-1825(RMC)」案,向美國華盛頓聯邦法院控告美國政府,本案訴訟屬district court,主審Judge Collyer於二零零八年三月十八日,雖然承認台灣地位懸空六十多年,台灣人民「無國籍」半世紀以上,但是以本案渋及「政治問題」為理由,同意美國務院所提,「發行美國國民護照之前提,是釐清美國與台灣之間的複雜政治關係」,因此渋及「政治問題(發行美國民護照)」不是法院能夠審理,法官在不探討相關條約與美國憲法有關「海外軍事管轄」的細節,輕率撇開敏感問題,認為不能審理,所以,本案退回原訴,但三十天內可以上訴。當然,本案法官著重於一九四五年九月二日一般命令第一號為前提,替本案做分析,而沒有以舊金山和平條約(美參議院通過)做徹底探討,也沒有注意「軍事佔領」的事實,因此,這樣的「認定」當然不正確,我們有足夠的充分「史料與最高法院判例」可以依法上訴。同時,我們觀察到,在夏威夷州有個district court判例,Hawaiian Arbitration案,法官以federal court才是「詮釋條約」的法院,將Mr.Larsen訴訟案轉移至federal court。律師團在三月三十一日向法院提出上訴申請,法院四月四日正式列入登記,四月七日法院已經通知原告,要求原告提出相關論點和說明,原告決定在五月五日提出,要求法院安排日後開庭的時間表。

Judge Collyer在本案background facts已經清楚表達原告之訴訟目的,原告要求美國法院依照法理判定「台灣人」是否具「美國國民」資格。法官判決可以推知:「法理台灣人」與「美國政府」不是「法理關係」而是「政治關係」。但是,因為「政治關係」而衍生「政治問題」,則必須以「政治手段」才能解決。

我方與律師團分析,美國對台灣「執行主權」,這個「主權認定」是來自於美參議院通過的「舊金山和平條約」,而且重點有兩個,其一:在於條約第二b條:Japan renounces all rights, title, and claim to Formosa and the Pescadores. 日本究竟有沒有把台灣澎湖領土主權從日本國土移轉出來?對於此,可以從正負兩方面分別去探討,將這兩個方向做徹底的研究後,就可以延伸到「法理台灣人」在美國移民與歸化法裏的權利,值得注意的是:美國至今尚未承認任何國家「繼承」日本對台灣的「主權」。其二:在於第二十三條,美國是該「和約」所渋及地理範圍的「主要佔領權國」;同時,條約第四條也說明:美國軍事政府對台灣、澎湖有支配與處分的權利。因為如此,本案將不會是「政治問題」,而是「條約詮釋」的問題。

針對條約第二b條,有個「yes or no」的問題,答案如果是「no」的話:
台灣、澎湖領土主權「沒有」自日本國土移轉出來,則台灣澎湖領土主權仍歸屬日本。「法理台灣人」之國籍身分不勞美國政府費心,台灣人只要向日本政府爭取即可。「法理台灣人」可以主張要求日本政府恢復被日本違法剝奪之「日本國籍」。

如果條約第二b條答案是「yes」的話:
台灣、澎湖領土確實「有」自日本國土「懸空割讓」,則美國軍事政府無論是以「直接佔領」或「委託代理人間接佔領」,都有依照戰爭法協助「法理台灣人」,依照國際法或美國憲法「建立台灣平民政府及運作」,美國斷不能讓「法理台灣人」六十年來過沒有「國籍」的痛苦,美國以「主要佔領權國」身分和「台灣平民政府」之間存在著「直接法理關係,和「法理台灣人」則存在著「間接法理關係」。事實上,「台灣平民政府」成立後,「法理台灣人」就可以據此要求美國政府,在台、澎領土主權未達「最終狀態」前,暫時接受「法理台灣人」為「美國國民非公民」,並依美國憲法或「台灣關係法」給予保護,依照規定,「台灣領土主權歸屬」和「台灣人國籍歸屬」是可以分開處理的,因為,兩者間並沒有「絕對的關連性」。美國政府不應該因為「政治因素」或「政治問題」,無法解決台灣領土主權歸屬,連帶著也不解決台灣人國籍歸屬問題,就人權立場或是法理層面而言,對戰後台灣人都是一種「殘忍對待」。

在本案審理時,被告美國國務院提出兩個嚴重錯誤的主張與堅持,第一:一九七九年以前,美國的政策認為中華民國包含台灣與澎湖。第二:錯誤以為台灣在一九七八年十二月底以前仍然保留一些「主權」,而其理由,竟然是因為卡特總統與「台灣關係法」,認定有關當時現有的條約、協議、安排等,在美國與台灣之間繼續有效。事實上,被告美國國務院的這兩種主張與堅持,與美國所發布:「台灣領土主權未定的一貫政策聲明」,完全是背道而馳,明顯矛盾。

我方與律師團共同決定,在五月五日上訴論點陳述,將要主張三點有關美軍「軍事佔領的事實」,第一點:美國一貫的政策是「對於在台灣澎湖執行台灣主權的政府」,無論是流亡中華民國或是其他國家,從來「沒有承認」。第二點:原告在這方面的「主張」是要強調而且證明:美國從一九五二年開始到今天的「主要佔領權國」身分持續保持不斷。第三點:對於台灣對終地位的認定,原告僅僅在探討美國在「舊金山和約」條約裡頭的角色。

以上是討論「主權方面」的議題,是著重於反方面的「證據」,避免「政治因素」或「政治問題」的聯想。再來探討美國本身對「台灣執行主權的依據」,關於這一點,既然美國軍事政府對台灣的管轄尚未結束,(美國一八五三年有最高法院Cross v. Harrison判例)而軍事政府本身正式執行「主權權利」的一種行為,也因為如此,我方可以明正言順「主張而且證明」美國確實對台灣「執行主權」是一個事實。在這方面,我方將強調三點:第一:美國政府的角色法理認定與依據是來自舊金山和平條約,而重要的是經過參議院通過的,與美國憲法具同等法律位階。第二:台灣不是「完整的過戶」給美國,而是一種「類似虛擬託管」的情況,只能說美國「暫時握有」台灣主權。第三: 美國是「主要佔領權國」,但不是唯一的佔領權國,所以,流亡中華民國「次要佔領權國」身分就會完全呈現出來。

總合上面所述,美國在「條約」裡面對台灣有尚未完成的「義務」,也就是要維持到台灣最後的政治地位以「和平方式」達成,然而,在本訴訟中,我方的論點跟解釋是完全符合美國「一貫對台政策」,換句話說,台灣最後政治地位尚未確定,所以,我方上訴的文件中,必須提出詳盡和完整的論點來說服法官,因此,我方會提出的重點包括:本案因渋及台灣地位認定,但本案僅是美國在舊金山和平條約內,美國對台灣人必須履行何種義務?

依據一九零七年海牙第四公約,一九四九年日內瓦公約和美國憲法規定,美國有義務協助台灣人發展自己的「平民政府」,美國必須積極參考當地台灣人民在政治上的期待,同時協助當地台灣人發展自由民主的政治型態,換言之,有關當地台灣人的利益必須列為優先考量。

以在台灣的流亡中華民國而言,美國從一九五二年起,在舊金山和約決定不將台灣澎湖領土主權自日本移交給中國後,美國允許中華民國流亡政府,在台灣扮演「當地政府」的角色,固然是因為當時美國外交承認「中華民國是當時唯一代表中國的合法政府」,直到一九七八年十二月三十一日為止。一九七九年一月一日起,又以美國國內法的「台灣關係法」,授權「台灣當局」管轄「法理台灣人民」直到現在,事實上,「中華民國體制」對台灣的管轄本質不是「執行主權」,而是美國在舊金山和約裡,對台灣人民的義務從沒有「放棄」。如此看來,我方發現,「中華民國在台灣」的角色,確實是美國「主要佔領權國」的「次要佔領權國」。所以,美國行政部門敢理直氣壯的說:「台灣海峽的現狀是由美國行政部門來認定,而非由中華民國或中華人民共和國認定」,完全正確的結論。

在了解舊金山和平條約裡,美國對台灣執行主權的「結構」後,我方與律師團可以進一步探討「法理台灣人效忠美國」的真相,要說明的是,所謂「效忠」是來自於「征服」(台灣被美國打敗),美國最高法院有很多判例,都是有關戰後被佔領地區人民的效忠問題,以這些前例來檢視「法理台灣人民」,從一九四零年代開始到今天為止,並沒有發生任何事件會導致「台灣人民效忠中華民國」。我方也發現,一九四一年到一九四五年美日太平洋戰爭,所有武裝攻擊台灣澎湖的軍事行動都是美軍單獨所為,依照戰爭法詮釋,美國就是「征服者」,毫無疑問,「法理台灣人」應該「效忠美國」在法理上是絕對正確的。

至於台灣澎湖人民應該要求美國核發那一種旅行證件,如果依據美國「移民歸化署」和「美國外交手冊」規定,我方和律師團認為應是「美國國民非公民」的護照,或者也可以發行「被美國保護人民」的護照,或者承認「台灣平民政府所發行美國台灣割讓地區護照」。而這護照的法律來源,則是來自一九四九年日內瓦公約第四條之規定,也就是說,台灣人民是在美國軍事政府佔領區內,但是,台灣人民沒有佔領軍的國籍,而原先的日本國籍被非法「除籍」,因此,在日內瓦公約內是列為「被保護的人民」,而依照美國最高法院判例,台灣割讓區則應列為美國「列島區第一類」的海外領土。

控訴美國政府的代表者:林 志 昇
「建國黨」、「台灣平民民主黨」政治組
2008/04/10

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